A team of scientists from the University of the Aegean has developed a pioneering algorithm aimed at addressing overcrowding on protected beaches in Greece’s western Peloponnese.
The study, commissioned by Greece’s Natural Environment and Climate Change Agency, focused on 12 beaches within the Kotychi-Strofylia National Park and the protected areas of the Kyparissia Gulf, both recognized for their rich biodiversity and as critical habitats for endangered species such as the Caretta caretta sea turtle.
To develop their new algorithm, the team first mapped the size and characteristics of each beach, focusing on 1312-foot (400-meter) sections where the government leases space for umbrellas and lounge chairs.
They then defined four types of beach “capacity”: physical (the available beach space), actual (natural restrictions like sand dunes, turtle nesting sites, and parking access), effective (the impact of pollution and human activity), and social (visitors’ perception of how crowded the beach is).
Combining these factors, researchers created an algorithm that calculates both the real and ideal number of visitors a beach can handle.
Their findings revealed that most beaches are well exceeding their sustainable visitor limits by more than three times. For example, Kalo Nero Beach accommodates approximately 940 daily visitors, despite a recommended capacity of just 270.
“Tourism should not threaten the natural heritage of protected beaches, but should contribute to their preservation. This is at the core of the discussion on sustainable development, where a balance must be sought between human activity and the conservation of nature,” said team member Professor Panagiotis Dimitrakopoulos of the University of the Aegean in an interview with Kathimerini. “We need models to calculate the capacity of beaches so that coastal ecosystems can continue to host their rich biodiversity, provide important ecosystem services, and continue to support local economies through tourism.”
The algorithm is now available to Greek environmental authorities, offering a practical tool to manage visitor numbers and safeguard biodiversity in these sensitive coastal areas.
Cover Photo Credit: Visit Halkidiki
