A unique portrait of Constantine XI Palaiologos, the last Byzantine emperor, has been uncovered during conservation work at the Old Monastery of Taxiarches in Aigialeia, located 15 kilometers from Aigio in the Peloponnese. The discovery, announced by Greece’s Ministry of Culture, marks the only known contemporary depiction of the emperor created during his lifetime.
The portrait was identified by Dr. Anastasia Koumoussi, Director of the Ephorate of Antiquities of Achaia, in the second layer of frescoes within the monastery’s katholikon (the main church). Based on stylistic analysis, the artwork is securely dated to the mid-15th century, aligning with Constantine’s reign (1449–1453).
In a Greek Ministry of Culture press release, Minister of Culture Lina Mendoni emphasized the significance of the find, stating that the Byzantine-era artist likely painted Constantine from direct observation, rather than relying on official imperial portraits.
The fresco portrays a mature man wearing imperial regalia, including a richly embroidered purple mantle adorned with medallions featuring double-headed eagles—the emblem of the Palaiologos dynasty. The emperor also holds a cross-topped scepter and wears a diadem encrusted with precious stones, unmistakable markers of his status.
The historical connection to Constantine is further supported by the involvement of his brothers, Despots Demetrios and Thomas, who funded the monastery’s renovation following a civil conflict between them. According to Byzantine Greek historian Laonikos Chalkokondyles, this conflict began in 1449 and was resolved a year later under Constantine’s arbitration.
Unlike idealized portrayals common in Byzantine art, this portrait presents Constantine with individualized and naturalistic features: a slender, mature face conveying dignity and serenity. It is believed that the artist may have been from Mystras, where Constantine lived as Despot for five years prior to being crowned emperor.
Cover Photo: Constantine XI Palaiologos / Photo Credit: Greek Ministry of Culture
